Cardiovascular System

Legislation

Legislations

·         Health and safety act of 1974: The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 , also referred to as HASAW or HSW, is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the United Kingdom. The Health and Safety Executive is responsible for enforcing the Act and a number of other Acts and Statutory Instruments relevant to the working environment.

·         The management of the health and safety regulations at work in 1992: The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSW) consolidate previous regulations of the same name, together with previous regulations concerning new and expectant mothers at work, and previous regulations concerning young persons. However, there is very little change in substance which will affect departments/institutions/units.

·         Work place regulations 1992: Encompassing the regulatory requirements – applicable to most workplaces – on specific subjects like ventilation, temperature, lighting, cleanliness, room dimensions, workstations and seating, floor conditions, falls or falling objects, transparent and translucent doors, gates and walls, windows, skylights and ventilators, traffic routes, escalators, sanitary conveniences, washing facilities and other matters. Including the Regulations in full, the Approved Code and supplementary guidance.

·         Control of substances hazardous to health 1994: Every year exposure to hazardous substances at work effects the health of many thousands of people. Common examples include lung disease (e.g. dusty conditions), skin irritation, dermatitis or skin cancer (e.g. frequent contact with oils, contact with corrosive liquids), occupational asthma (e.g. sensitisation to isocyanates in paints or adhesives), toxic fumes, occupational cancer etc. The high costs of ill-health arise from loss of earnings, loss of productivity, prosecution and civil action amongst others.

·         Personal protective equipment 1992: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is defined in the regulations as "all equipment (including clothing affording protection against the weather) which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work which protects them against one or more risks to their health and safety". PPE would include such things as hard hats, eye protection, safety harnesses, life jackets and safety footwear.

·         Fire precautions (amendment) 1999: amended in 1999, UK businesses had to carry out a fire risk assessment that looked at preventing fire in the first place and controlling and escaping fire safely.  This was confusing to businesses as they attempted to become compliant with this raft of legislation.

·         The health and safety display screen equipment 1992: Display Screen Equipment (DSE) is a device or equipment that has an alphanumeric or graphic display screen, regardless of the display process involved; it includes both conventional display screens and those used in emerging technologies such as laptops, touch-screens and other similar devices.

·         The effects these regulations have had on the public services: this makes every working environment safe to work in and have the right equipment to be abled to get the job done in a safe manner.

Nervious System

 

Dear sir/madams a the Great Western Ambulance Service,

                                                                                                        I am writing this letter to tell you about the central nervous system. Your brain monitors all unconscious proses such as breathing, heart rates and digestions and controls all voluntary movement within the body. The cerebellum controls all movement within the body and make sure that the skeletal structure stays straight and up right. The nerves out side the CNS (central various systems) ‘peripheral nervous system’ this sends a message back from the CNS to millions of sells within the body that has sense of smell, taste, touch and movement.

Motor Neurones are made up of 3 main areas

1.The cell body containing the nucleus and mitochondria.

2. The dendrites, which are highly branched extensions of the cytoplasm extending from the cell body within the grey matter of the spinal cord.

 3. The axon, this is the long body of the motor neurone that emerges from the spinal cord and its main function is the transmission of the nerve impulses along the myelin sheath.

·         Motor units are made up of the motor neurone and all of the muscle fibres that it is attached to.

·         The nerve impulse bounces along the myelin sheath, the thicker the myelin sheath is the faster the nerve impulse travels.

·         Eventually the impulse reaches the motor end plate within the muscle cells.

·         All or none- once the motor unit has been activated all of none of the muscles fibres will contract.

Varying the frequency of the stimulus, the higher the frequency (i.e the more messages being sent the stronger the contractions)

Varying the number of units recruited (i.e the more unit the stronger the contractions)

Your sincerely Sam Callaghan

Risk assesment for Rock Climbing.

RIVERSIDE SPORTS CENTRE
RISK ASSESSMENT FOR: Rock Climbing.
Location: Under Cover Rock Climbing Centre in Bristol.
Risks to:  Me Class Mates and other people in the centre.
Nature of Activity: Rock climbing
HAZARD ANALYSIS
Significant Hazards: ·         Slips. ·         Breaking bone. ·         No one listening to the instructor. ·         The kit not being up to scratch. ·         Someone not heavy enough to act as a counter balance. ·         Everyone messing about and distracting other people that may be there but not with the group. ·         No one listening to the instructors health and safety instructions. ·         Correct usage of the safety equipment. ·         Messing about in the lines. ·         People leaving random kit laying around. ·         Making sure the floor is cleaned. ·         Bullying (pressuring someone into climbing the wall when they’re scared) ·         Making sure they have the right training to be abled to climb certain walls.	RISK  H/M/L

· Make sure there is someone who cleans up and make sure there nothing playing around. · To make sure that this don't happen they will be told to listen to the safety instructions to prevent any injuries. · People who don't listen to the instructors will get told they cant climb the wall to make sure that no one gets hurt. · If the ropes weren't up to scratch this could resort in someone falling and hurting themselves but they will used that rope a set amount of times and then change it. · This could put other people off in the centre. · Someone could fall over and hurt there self’s and other people that are in the centre. · Make sure that health and safety is

Signed:                                                                                          (Health & Safety Manager)                 Date: To be reviewed:

Joint Movements

Health & Safety and Fitness Awareness